79th USN Construction Battalion
BATTALION HISTORY
Operation Fog Intensity; Dispersal Of (F.I.D.O.) at
Amchitka:
During the reunion of the 79th Battalion veterans held in
Biloxi, MS on 27-30 October 2003, it was brought to attention by one of the veterans that
a detachment of the 79th NCB was sent to Amchitka to participate in the construction of
Fog Intensity; Dispersal Of (F.I.D.O.) at Amchitka in the Aleutians during World War II.
According to the Officer in Charge of this Detachment, F.I.D.O. was an experimental
project in which gasoline was used to burn up the fog in order for the bombers to use the
runways at Amchitka.
Last island in a string of islands known as the Rat Islands in the Aleutian Chain,
2,900 miles off the coast of Alaska and often hampered by dense fog up to 4,000 feet thick
and winds up to 35 miles per hour, Amchitka was scheduled in March 1944 to become the
first F.I.D.O. installation in the United States in order to conduct wartime air
operations.
In April, 1944 the Seabees built a FIDO installation on Amchitka in the Aleutians which
necessitated the removal of tremendous amounts of tundra, draining and filling of small
lakes, the rescue and reservicing of muskeg, and numerous other obstacles to overcome. A
U.S. Navy publication, 1947, states "Work stated on the project in April, 1944, with
Seabee personnel installing the equipment, a tough job because of the nature of the
terrain. Enormous amounts of tundra had to be moved to provide a firm and level
foundation for burners. Special supports driven through the tundra to rock strata
were necessary to carry the burners over small ponds and uneven ground. The burners,
based primarily on British design, were constructed right at the sight. 100 of them
being produced in a five-day period." A Haigill-type burner was constructed at
Amchitka, consisting of miles of burner and preheated pipe, supply lines to a new fuel
storage area and pumping station. The Haigill burner burns vaporized gasoline
through a vaporizer which is a supply tube suspended with and above the burner tube,
connecting at the end of the burner unit. Thermal output of these burners varied
from 15 to 50 therms per yard hour.
In July, 1944, the Seabees completed the Amchitka FIDO and the installation was tested.
Despite heavy fog, six aircraft were launched in August, 1944 and FIDO was used
tactically for the first time. The 1947 U.S. Navy publication records:
"On July 25, 1944, just before dawn, the burners were ignited, and the fog lifted
from zero-zero weather conditions so that the sky became visible. A Navy PBY-5A took off
and disappeared into the fog. The plane then made a normal instrument approach and broke
into the clear at 150 feet over the runway. After this successful take-off and landing,
the Army C-47 made two take-offs and landings with FIDO. Again in August of the same
year, when President Roosevelt was visiting the Aleutian area, all stations with patrol
planes were fogbound. FIDO was lighted and six PBY-5A's took off to fly anti-submarine
patrol." Amchitka FIDO was eventually turned over to the Army Air Forces.
Any information on participation of the 79th Naval
Construction Battalion or other Seabee Battalions in the construction of Fog Intensity
Dispersal Of (F.I.D.O.) at Amchitka in the Aleutians during World War II will be greatly
appreciated. Please contact:
Email: JWinter588@aol.com
References to the Seabees in the F.I.D.O.operation:
- LANDING AIDS FOR ALL-WEATHER FLYING, by Vance Gudmundsen,
Reports Analyst, Landing Aids Experiment Station, James E. Davis, January 31, 1947 Dows
Prairie, California
JANUARY 31, 1947DOWS PRAIRIE, CALIFORNIA
- Thermal Fog-Dispersal, High Pressure System by Dave Zebo, Director, Department of
Aviation, Humboldt County, August 16, 1957
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